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Modern Technology Essay | Bartleby
SMS languagetextspeakor texting language [1] is the abbreviated language and slang commonly used with mobile phone text messaging, or other Internet -based communication such as email and instant messaging, texting and driving essays. Features of early mobile phone messaging encouraged users to use abbreviations. Additionally, SMS language made text messages quicker to compose, while also avoiding additional charges from mobile network providers for lengthy messages exceeding characters, texting and driving essays.
SMS language is similar to telegraphs' language where charges were by the word. It seeks to use the fewest letters to produce ultra-concise words and sentiments [3] in dealing with the space, time, and cost constraints of text messaging. It follows from how early SMS permitted only characters and that carriers began charging a small fee for each message sent and sometimes received, texting and driving essays.
Together with the difficulty and inefficiency in creating messages, it led the desire for a more economical language for the new medium. It shares some characteristics with internet and Telex speak following from how its evolution is rather symbiotic to the evolution of use of shorthand in chat rooms. Likewise, texting and driving essays, such a change sought to accommodate the small number of characters allowed per message, texting and driving essays, and to increase convenience for the time-consuming and often small keyboards on mobile phones.
Similar elliptical styles of writing can be traced to the days of telegraphese years back, when telegraph operators were reported to use abbreviations similar to modern text when chatting amongst themselves in between the sending of official messages. In general, SMS language thus permits the sender to type less and communicate more quickly than one could without such shortcuts. One texting and driving essays is the use of "tomoz" instead of "tomorrow".
Nevertheless, there are no standard rules for the creation and use of SMS languages. Any word may be shortened for example, "text" to "txt". Words can also be combined with numbers to make them shorter for example, "later" to "l8r"texting and driving essays, using the numeral "8" for its homophonic quality. Some may view SMS language to be a nascent dialect of the English language[3] that is a dialect strongly if not completely derivative of the Texting and driving essays language.
This may not be so. Such generalization may have risen from the fact that mobile phones had only been able to support a limited number of default languages in the early stages of its conception and distribution. A mobile operating system OS such as Symbian and language packs enable the linguistic localization of products that are equipped with such interfaces, texting and driving essays, where the current Symbian release Symbian Belle supports the scripts and orthographies of over 48 languages and dialects, though such provisions are by no means fully comprehensive as to the languages used by users all over the world.
Researcher Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza [9] further observes that mobile phone texting and driving essays offer support "of local language of the country" within which their phone sets are to be distributed. Nevertheless, various factors contribute as additional constraints to the use of non-English languages and scripts in SMS.
This motivates the anglicization of such languages, especially those using non- Latin orthographies i, texting and driving essays. not using Latin alphabets following for instance, the even more limited message lengths involved when using for example, texting and driving essays, Cyrillic or Greek letters.
As such, on top of the measures taken to minimize space, time and cost constraints in SMS language, further constraints upon the varied nature and characteristics of languages worldwide add to the distinct properties and style of SMS language s. The primary motivation for the creation and use of SMS language was to convey a comprehensible message using the fewest characters possible.
This was for two reasons: first of all, texting and driving essays, telecommunication companies limited the number of characters per SMS and charged the user per SMS sent. To keep costs down, users had to find a way of being concise while still communicating the desired message. Secondly, typing on a phone is normally slower than with a keyboard, and capitalization is even slower. As a result, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization are largely ignored.
In many countries, people now have access to unlimited text options in their monthly plan, although this varies widely depending on country and operator.
However, screens are still small and the input problem persists, texting and driving essays, so SMS language is still widely used for brevity. Observations and classifications as to the linguistic and stylistic properties of SMS language have been made and proposed by Crispin Thurlow, [12] López Rúa, texting and driving essays, [13] and David Crystal. There are many examples of words or phrases that share the same abbreviations e.
For words that have no common abbreviation, users most commonly remove the vowels from a word, and the reader is required to interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels e.
Omission of words, especially function words e. The advent of predictive text input and smartphones featuring full QWERTY keyboards may contribute to a reduction in the use of shortenings in SMS language.
Recipients may have to interpret the abbreviated words depending on the context in which they are being used. For instance, should someone use ttyl, lol they may mean talk to you later, lots of love as opposed to talk to you later, laugh out loud.
In another instance, if someone were to use omg, lol they may mean oh my god, laugh out loud as opposed to oh my god, lots of love. Therefore, context is crucial when interpreting texteseand it is precisely this shortfall that critics cite as a reason not to use it although the English language in general, like many other languageshas many words that have different meanings in different contexts.
SMS language does not always obey or follow standard grammartexting and driving essays additionally the words used are not usually found in standard dictionaries or recognized by language academies. The feature of "reactive tokens" that is ubiquitous in Internet Relay Chat IRCis also commonly found in SMS language. Reactive tokens include phrases or words like "yeah I know", which signifies a reaction to a previous message.
In SMS language, however, the difference is that many words are shortened unlike in spoken speech. Some tokens of the SMS language can be likened to a rebususing pictures and single letters or numbers to represent whole words e. The dialect has a few hieroglyphs codes comprehensible to initiates and a range of face symbols. Prosodic features in SMS language aim to provide added semantic and syntactic information and context from which recipients can use to deduce a more contextually relevant and accurate interpretation.
These may aim to convey the textual equivalent of verbal prosodic features such as facial expression and tone of voice. In the case of capitalization in SMS language, there are three scenarios: [19].
Most SMS messages have done away with capitalization. Use of capitalizations on the first word of a message may in fact, not be intentional, and may likely be due to the default capitalization setting of devices.
Capitalization too may encode prosodic elements, where copious use may signify the textual equivalent of raised voice to indicate heightened emotion, texting and driving essays.
Texting and driving essays as body language and facial expressions can alter how speech is perceived, emoji and texting and driving essays can alter the meaning of a text message, the difference being that the real tone of the SMS sender is less easily discerned merely by the emoticon. Using a smiling face can be perceived as being sarcastic rather than happy, texting and driving essays, thus the reader has to decide which it is by looking at the whole message.
Use of punctuation and capitalization to form emoticons distracts from the more traditional function of such features and symbols. Nevertheless, uses do differ across individuals and cultures.
For example, overpunctuation may simply be used to communicate paralinguistic aspects of communication without the need to create an emotion from it like so: "Hello!!!! While vowels and punctuation of words in SMS language are generally omitted, David Crystal observes that apostrophes occur unusually frequently.
He cites an American study of messages, where the occurrence of apostrophes in SMS language is approximately 35 percent. The use of apostrophes cannot be attributed to users attempting to disambiguate words that might otherwise be misunderstood without it. There are few cases in English where leaving out the apostrophe causes misunderstanding of the message. For texting and driving essays, "we're" without the apostrophe could be misread as "were".
Even so, these are mostly understood correctly despite being ambiguous, as readers can rely on other cues such as part of sentence and context where the word appears texting and driving essays decide what the word should be. For many other words like "Im" and "Shes", there is no ambiguity.
Since users don't need to use apostrophes to ensure that their message is understood accurately, this phenomenon may in part be attributed to texters wanting to maintain clarity so that the message can be more easily understood in a shorter amount of time, texting and driving essays. Users may also use spellings that reflect their illocutionary force and intention rather than using the standard spelling.
For example, the use of "haha" to signify "standard" laughter, and "muahaha" to encode perhaps more raucous or evil sound of laughter. In this, regional variations in spelling can also be observed. As such, SMS language, with its intergroup variations, also serves as an identity marker. SMS language has yet to be accepted as a conventional and stable form, either as a dialect or as a language.
As a result, as much as it is also a consequencetexting and driving essays, notable lexicographical efforts and publications e. Many informal attempts at documenting SMS have been done. For example, service provider Vodacom provides its clients with an SMS dictionary as a supplement to their cell phone purchase. Many other efforts have been made to provide SMS dictionaries on the Internet. Usually an alphabetical list of "words" used in SMS language is provided, along with their intended meanings.
Entire sounds within words would often be replaced by a letter or digit that would produce a similar sound when read by itself:. According to research done by Dr. Nenagh Kemp of University of Tasmaniathe evolution of textese is inherently coupled to a strong grasp of grammar and phonetics. David Crystal has countered the claims that SMS has a deleterious effect on language with numerous scholarly studies.
The findings are summarized in his book Txtng: the Gr8 Db8. In his book, Crystal argues that:. He further observes that this is by no means a cause for bad spelling, texting and driving essays, where in fact, texting may lead to an improvement in the literacy of the user.
There are others who feel that the claims of SMS language being detrimental to English language proficiency are overrated. A study of the written work of students by Freudenberg found that the actual amount of use of SMS language found in the written work was not very significant, texting and driving essays. Some features of SMS language such as the use of emoticons was not observed in any of the written work by the students. Of all the errors found, quite a substantial amount cannot be attributed to use of Texting and driving essays language.
These included errors that have already appeared even before the advent of SMS language. There are also views that SMS language has little or no effect on grammar. With proper instruction, students texting and driving essays be able to distinguish between slang, SMS language and correct English and use them in their appropriate contexts. According to a study, though SMS language is faster to write, more time is needed to read it compared to conventional English.
Although various other research supports the use of SMS language, the popular notion that text messaging is damaging to the linguistic development of young people persists and many texting and driving essays it as a corruption of the standard form of language.
Welsh journalist and television reporter John Humphrys has criticized SMS language as "wrecking our language". The author cites ambiguity as one problem posed, illustrating with examples such as "lol", which may either be interpreted to mean "laughing out loud", "lots of love", and "little old lady" depending on the context in which it is being used.
Ambiguous words and statements have always been present within languages. In English for example, the word "duck" can have more than one meaning. It could be referring to either the bird or the action, and such words are usually disambiguated by looking at the context in which it was written. The texting and driving essays of SMS language has been criticized for causing the deterioration of English language proficiency and its rich heritage.
Opponents of SMS language feel that it undermines the properties of the English language that have lasted throughout its long history. Furthermore, words within the SMS language that are very similar to their English-language counterparts can be confused by young users as the actual English spelling and can therefore increase the prevalence of spelling mistakes.
texting and driving essay
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Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile devices, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible blogger.com messages may be sent over a cellular network, or may also be sent via an Internet connection.. The term originally referred to messages Essay on gulab in english pomona essay prompts , the essay why i want a wife implies that wife is single use plastic essay in gujarati pdf common app essay about driving Texting essay essay essay? 10? hacking grade calling sample • or argumentative - experience Texting While Driving Essay Examples? - Essay About British Monarchy. Descriptive essay on a visit to museum essay on causes of road accidents? Sample appic essays essay on issues of pakistan, pandemic essay pdf. Global warming essay quotes in kannada essay on government of india act
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